Introduction As global trade networks become increasingly complex, the need for transparency, efficiency, and security in supply chains has never been greater. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger capabilities, has emerged as a transformative solution across various

Introduction As global trade networks become increasingly complex, the need for transparency, efficiency, and security in supply chains has never been greater. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger capabilities, has emerged as a transformative solution across various